Cycling

1km time-trial (known as the kilo) begins with a standing start and athletes compete against the clock to complete the 1km distance in the fastest time.

Team sprint: Contested over three laps of the track by two teams of three riders. Teams start at opposite sides of the track and each rider must lead for one lap. The front rider pulls out of the way at the end of each lap leaving the next rider to take over at the front. The third and final front rider sets the team time when they cross the finishing line at the end of the third lap.

3km and 4km individual pursuit (two events): Competitors start on opposite sides of the track and attempt to catch their opponent. The four athletes with the best times in the opening round progress to the next round progress to the medal rides, where the two fastest qualifiers race for gold and silver and third races fourth compete for the bronze medal. If a competitor catches and passes the opponent, they win the race – although they may choose to continue, usually if they are attempting to break a record or set a new personal best.

500m time-trial: Contested over two laps of the track, a rider begins with a standing start and riders compete against the clock to complete the distance in the fastest time.

Road race: Races have a bunched start and the first rider to cross the finishing line wins.

Road time-trial: Competitors start at 60-second intervals and the rider completing the distance the fastest is declared the winner.